Republic of China, Lenin Dollar Fantasy

This example, with hammer & sickle reverse, are still controversial issues. KM has them as "authenticity in doubt", and Wenchao (Shanghai Museum) has them as 'fabrications.' These are now usually described as Fantasy issue or in China as 'mint sports" because there were minted at official Chinese mints (Shanghai) by mint officials, but unauthorized. However, Duncan Raeburn in his monograph "Chinese Soviet - Coins & Notes", a work printed and read before the Numismatic Society of China in Shanghai in January 1937, shows this profile portrait coin of Lenin. I am confident that this is the first article ever describing the issues of the Chinese Soviets. Yet, these are remarkable strikes compared to all other Soviet issues. Wenchao shows them as being minted in several varieties: 1) one with 'One Yuan' reverse; 2) this one w/Hammer & Sickle rev.; 3) a mule with portraits Ob. & Rx; 4) struck in gold w/hammer & sickle Rx. They are now listed in KM's "Unusual World Coins" catalog, they were previously listed in KM SCWC (i.e. 1977 edition) as "authenticity is doubt".
The evidence from Raeburn shows that these were struck fairly early during chaotic times. Kann (#800, 1953) also documents these profile Lenin Dollars. These facts might lead one to conclude that these issues were presentation pieces most likely with the USSR in mind. To the extent that the USSR aided the cause of revolutionary movements worldwide these pieces could have been struck as a token of gratitude. They are considered 'Fantasy' pieces, something Chinese sources term 'Mint Sports'. Proof-like & reeded. Money Company auction, June 1979, lot#299. They are highly regarded, collected, and quite scarce.

Here are a number of RARE articles on Communist Chinese Soviet coins & notes from the Moneta Library:
VIEW & DOWNLOAD:
Chinese Soviet Coins and Notes - Raeburn (1st research 1937!): [ link ]
Chinese Soviet Coins Intriguing - Hogan: [ link ]
Chinese Communist Armies - Kann (excerpt): [ link ]
Soviet Chinese Copper Coins - Hua Guangpu (Little Brown Book): [ link ]

The premier articles on Early Chinese Soviet issues are the invaluable documents below. It covers the history, coins and notes from 1927-1935 and includes photos and a map: (with color photos; in 3 parts);
Money of Communist China - Sandrock Part I: [ link ]
Money of Communist China - Sandrock Part II: [ link ]
Money of Communist China - Sandrock Part III: [ link ]