Moneta's Temple and Gallery

Russia - RSFSR Hammer & Plow

Moneta — Sat, 17 Nov 2018 13:09:01 -0500

by: Moneta

Description: Before the Hammer & Sickle was adopted as an appropriate symbol for the vanguard of Marxism (Socialism and Communism) the original symbol was the Hammer and Plow. After a search of many years I finally found an example in numismatic form. There are about 150 different chest medals manufactured post the February 1917 revolution. Many of them feature a female figure, like a Russian Liberty, and they are found in various metals, including silver. Inscriptions are along the line of “Long live freedom and equality” ; "Free Russia" & "Long live the democratic republic." All are very scarce. The type here is described as the last of the series of medals issued. I've seen photos of a complete medal that came with another metal loop and red ribbon mounted on metal base for wearing on the chest. I've seen some, like the one I have, with the loop missing and the medal having been holed. Here I'm showing a nice example from the Internet. The obverse legend here is: "Comrades! Lets tell all the world about Socialism! [7/XI 1918.; Медаль СССР - Оповестим Мир о Социализме]. Here the date is meant to represent 7 November, 1918. The reverse has been described as Lenin, presumably reentering Russia through Finland, that's unknown, but the medal generally depicts symbolic figures of a worker and a peasant, with an intellectual illuminating the road with a torch. This very scarce medal was issued on the upcoming 1st Anniversary of the October 1917 Revolution. Made of bronze, it's 6.3g 28mm. Use the following Russian page to read more about this fascinating series of early Soviet medals, then use the browser 'TRANSLATE' function: http://narkop.ru/atribucija/faleristika/zabytye-zhetony/

USSR - 15 Kopeks 1932

Moneta — Sun, 11 Mar 2018 19:09:48 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: A nice design of the USSR period, struck between 1931 & 1934, with the last year the key date. 136 M struck for this 1932 year, varieties exist. The same design can also be seen on the 10 & 20 Kopeks with similar mintages.

RUS - Ivan IV "The Terrible" - Wire Denga

Moneta — Sat, 11 Nov 2017 17:23:20 -0500

by: Moneta

Description: Wire Denga Moscow Mint, Tsar Ivan IV Vasiljevich (1533 - 1584), circa 1547. OBVERSE: an image of a crowned horseman carrying a spear. REVERSE: the 3-line legend engraved in old cyrillic letters reads: "КНSЬ / ВЕЛIК / IВАN" ("Grand Prince Ivan"). Weight: 0.34 gram; Mint: Moscow. (above info from a specialist site on 'Wire Money.') The site linked below indicates that the Kopeck should weight about .68 grams while the Denga is half that, about .34 grams. This Denga is about 12.36 x 8.72 mm and shows much better than average detail. Ivan IV, popularly known as “Ivan the Terrible,” a strong and formidable ruler. The epithet “Terrible” is in fact a mistranslation from the Russian-language word “Groznyi” which in reality means “stern,” “formidable,” “feared by enemies.” Ivan’s long reign was marked by violent internal conflict and a series of wars against many foreign foes sparked by his desire to expand Muscovy’s frontiers, especially along and beyond the Volga river and to the Baltic seacoast in the west. The Reform of 1534: In 1534 a unified Russian monetary system made its first appearance, facilitated by the formation of a strong Russian state centered in Moscow. The currency reform was instituted by Elena Glinskaya, mother of Ivan IV. Coinage Technique: From the 14th century up till Peter the Great's time the minting technique of the silver coinage was as follows: silver was rolled into wire and sliced into equal sections of the proper weight. Little plates of slightly oval shape resulted. Relatively standard weight of the coins was achieved. The coins were struck by being placed between dies at which point the operator would hammer the upper die against the lower die. In 1704 the first Russian rubles were coined in Moscow. One hundred kopecks made a ruble. VISIT ON-Line: A nice site on Russian Wire Money: http://www.metaldetectingworld.com/photogalary/wire_%20money/ VIEW & DOWNLOAD: "The Coinage of Russia - Wire Money, 1547 - 1598" by R.W. Julian at this: http://www.moneta-coins.com/library/Russian%20Wire%20Money_Julian.pdf ALSO Available for the asking: "Russian Wire Money" by Frank A. Lapa (3+Mb). Contact me for this image copy [moneta@moneta-coins.com], I'll email it to you. Brief history of Ivan "The Terrible" : Ivan IV Vasilyevich, called The Terrible (1530-84), Grand duke of Moscow (1533-47) and Czar of Russia (1547-84), was one of the creators of the Russian state. Ivan was born in Moscow on August 25, 1530, the grandson of Ivan III and the son of Basil III, whom he succeeded at the age of three. He was the first Russian ruler to be formally crowned as czar. The first 13 years of Ivan's reign constitute one of the greatest periods of internal reform, external expansion, and centralization of state power in the history of Russia. In 1549 Ivan convoked the Zemsky Sobor, the first national representative assembly ever summoned by a Russian ruler. In the same year he initiated a comprehensive revision and modernization of the Russian law code. He conquered and annexed the Tatar khanates of Kazan' (1552) and Astrakhan (1556), bringing the entire Volga River within the borders of Russia and ending the threat of these Tatar areas to Russia. The long Livonian War (1558-83), an attempt to gain a foothold on the Baltic coast, was, however, ultimately unsuccessful. Ivan's reign after 1560 is remarkable more for the czar's repeated displays of erratic behavior and wanton brutality than for his statesmanship. He surrounded himself with a select group of noblemen, whom he allowed to exercise despotic power over his entire domain. In 1570 he ravaged the town of Novgorod and ordered the slaying of thousands of its inhabitants because they had been reported, on dubious authority, to be conspiring against him. Ten years later Ivan brought personal tragedy upon himself when, in a fit of anger, he struck and killed his eldest and favorite son. In his later years, Ivan began the acquisition of Siberia after most of the Ob River Basin had been brought under Russian control (1581-83) by the cossack leader Yermak Timofeyevich. Ivan died on March 18, 1584. [Encarta ]

Rus - Ivan IV, "The Terrible" - Kopek

Moneta — Sun, 10 Sep 2017 19:00:37 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: Wire Kopek "ПС", Novgorod Mint, Tsar Ivan IV Vasiljevich (1533 - 1584), circa 1547. OBVERSE: an image of a crowned horseman carrying a spear, the mint engraver's mark: "ПС" under the galloping horse. REVERSE: the 5-line legend engraved in old cyrillic letters reads: "ЦРЬИ / КНSЬВ / ЕЛIКIIВ / AНЬВСЕ / IAРУСИ" ("Czar and Great Duke Ivan of Entire Rus"). Weight: 0.66 gram; Mint: Novgorod. (above info from a specialist site on 'Wire Money.') The site linked below indicates that the Kopeck should weight about .68 grams while the Denga is half that, about .34 grams. This Kopeck is about 10 x 16 mm and shows much better than average detail. Agora Auction #68, Lot 338: Their description has this as a Denga denomination and the "ПС" engravers mark attributed to Pskov mint rather than Novgorod. Ivan IV, popularly known as “Ivan the Terrible,” a strong and formidable ruler. The epithet “Terrible” is in fact a mistranslation from the Russian-language word “Groznyi” which in reality means “stern,” “formidable,” “feared by enemies.” Ivan’s long reign was marked by violent internal conflict and a series of wars against many foreign foes sparked by his desire to expand Muscovy’s frontiers, especially along and beyond the Volga river and to the Baltic seacoast in the west. The Reform of 1534: In 1534 a unified Russian monetary system made its first appearance, facilitated by the formation of a strong Russian state centered in Moscow. The currency reform was instituted by Elena Glinskaya, mother of Ivan IV. Coinage Technique: From the 14th century up till Peter the Great's time the minting technique of the silver coinage was as follows: silver was rolled into wire and sliced into equal sections of the proper weight. Little plates of slightly oval shape resulted. Relatively standard weight of the coins was achieved. The coins were struck by being placed between dies at which point the operator would hammer the upper die against the lower die. In 1704 the first Russian rubles were coined in Moscow. One hundred kopecks made a ruble. VISIT ON-Line: A nice site on Russian Wire Money: http://www.metaldetectingworld.com/photogalary/wire_%20money/ VIEW & DOWNLOAD: "The Coinage of Russia - Wire Money, 1547 - 1598" by R.W. Julian at this: http://www.moneta-coins.com/library/Russian%20Wire%20Money_Julian.pdf ALSO Available for the asking: "Russian Wire Money" by Frank A. Lapa (3+Mb). Contact me for this image copy [moneta@moneta-coins.com], I'll email it to you. Brief history of Ivan "The Terrible" : Ivan IV Vasilyevich, called The Terrible (1530-84), Grand duke of Moscow (1533-47) and Czar of Russia (1547-84), was one of the creators of the Russian state. Ivan was born in Moscow on August 25, 1530, the grandson of Ivan III and the son of Basil III, whom he succeeded at the age of three. He was the first Russian ruler to be formally crowned as czar. The first 13 years of Ivan's reign constitute one of the greatest periods of internal reform, external expansion, and centralization of state power in the history of Russia. In 1549 Ivan convoked the Zemsky Sobor, the first national representative assembly ever summoned by a Russian ruler. In the same year he initiated a comprehensive revision and modernization of the Russian law code. He conquered and annexed the Tatar khanates of Kazan' (1552) and Astrakhan (1556), bringing the entire Volga River within the borders of Russia and ending the threat of these Tatar areas to Russia. The long Livonian War (1558-83), an attempt to gain a foothold on the Baltic coast, was, however, ultimately unsuccessful. Ivan's reign after 1560 is remarkable more for the czar's repeated displays of erratic behavior and wanton brutality than for his statesmanship. He surrounded himself with a select group of noblemen, whom he allowed to exercise despotic power over his entire domain. In 1570 he ravaged the town of Novgorod and ordered the slaying of thousands of its inhabitants because they had been reported, on dubious authority, to be conspiring against him. Ten years later Ivan brought personal tragedy upon himself when, in a fit of anger, he struck and killed his eldest and favorite son. In his later years, Ivan began the acquisition of Siberia after most of the Ob River Basin had been brought under Russian control (1581-83) by the cossack leader Yermak Timofeyevich. Ivan died on March 18, 1584. [Encarta ]

Kazakhstan - Tangun - 500 Tenge

Moneta — Fri, 01 Sep 2017 18:19:03 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: The certificate that came with this claims that this coin is part of a series called "Tales of the People of Kazakhstan." The series may have a wider cast than that because this coin celebrates the Creation Myth of Korea - that of Tangun. Here's a brief description of the Tangun (or Dangun) story from the Wiki: Dangun (단군; 檀君; [tan.ɡun]) or Dangun Wanggeom (단군왕검; 檀君王儉; [tan.ɡun waŋ.ɡʌm]) was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first ever Korean kingdom, around present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. He is said to be the "grandson of heaven" and "son of a bear", and to have founded the kingdom in 2333 BC. The earliest recorded version of the Dangun legend appears in the 13th-century Samguk Yusa, which cites China's Book of Wei and Korea's lost historical record Gogi (고기, 古記). Dangun's ancestry legend begins with his grandfather Hwanin (환인/桓因), the "Lord of Heaven". Hwanin had a son, Hwanung (환웅/桓雄), who yearned to live on the earth among the valleys and the mountains. Hwanin permitted Hwanung and 3,000 followers to descend onto Baekdu Mountain, where Hwanung founded the Sinsi (신시/神市, "City of God"). Along with his ministers of clouds, rain and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught humans various arts, medicine, and agriculture. Legend attributes the development of acupuncture and moxibustion to Dangun. A tiger and a bear prayed to Hwanung that they might become human. Upon hearing their prayers, Hwanung gave them 20 cloves of garlic and a bundle of mugwort, ordering them to eat only this sacred food and remain out of the sunlight for 100 days. The tiger gave up after about twenty days and left the cave. However, the bear persevered and was transformed into a woman. The bear and the tiger are said to represent two tribes that sought the favor of the heavenly prince. The bear-woman (Ungnyeo; 웅녀/熊女) was grateful and made offerings to Hwanung. However, she lacked a husband, and soon became sad and prayed beneath a "divine birch" tree (Hangul: 신단수; Hanja: 神檀樹; RR: shindansu) to be blessed with a child. Hwanung, moved by her prayers, took her for his wife and soon she gave birth to a son named Dangun Wanggeom. Dangun ascended to the throne, built the walled city of Asadal situated near Pyongyang (the location is disputed) and called the kingdom Joseon—referred to today as Gojoseon "Old/Ancient Joseon" so as not to be confused with the Joseon that was established much later. He then moved his capital to Asadal on Mount Paegak or Mount Gunghol.

Russia 2 Kopeks - 1812

Moneta — Sun, 18 Jun 2017 20:12:54 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: Nice strike and preservation on this 1812 HM/EM issue 2 Kopeks, the year of Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. The HM is the mint official Nicholai Mundt and the EM is the mintmark of Ekaterinburg. Type 3 Eagle. In Russia, the double-headed eagle is one of the nation’s most prominent national symbols, although there are several theories behind the meaning of this unusual creature. Some historians theorize that in 1497, when Ivan III borrowed the idea of the two-headed eagle from the Byzantines, he wanted to associate himself with the power of the fallen empire. From then on, the double-headed eagle was often employed by the monarchy and frequently featured on coronation regalia. However, since the two heads face different directions, it’s widely believed that the double-headed eagle represents the geographical position of Russia, as it spans from the Baltic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. This was struck in the year of 1812, the same year as the Battle of Borodino. You can read the history and see the coins at this: http://onlinedigitalpublishing.com/publication/frame.php?i=747102&p=&pn=&ver=html5

20 kopecks 1917

Andrefl — Sun, 07 May 2017 23:54:48 -0400

by: Andrefl

Description: 20 kopecks 1917 BC

5 kopecks 1916

Andrefl — Sun, 07 May 2017 23:52:10 -0400

by: Andrefl

Description: 5 kopecks 1916 copper

1 comment

2 Kopecks 1810 EM NM

Andrefl — Tue, 02 May 2017 14:30:59 -0400

by: Andrefl

Description: 2 Kopecks 1810 EM NM "Chicken" eagle type

Ruble 1893 AG

Andrefl — Wed, 26 Apr 2017 11:24:16 -0400

by: Andrefl

Description: Russia coin silver ruble 1893 AG Alexander III

1 comment

Russia 1/4 kopeck 1867 spb

Andrefl — Wed, 26 Apr 2017 10:45:30 -0400

by: Andrefl

RUSSIAN SOVIET FEDERATED SOCIALIST REPUBLIC~1 Ruble 1922

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 22:10:12 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Two-year type *RARE*

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~5 Kopek 1926

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 22:08:13 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~3 Kopek 1936

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 22:07:09 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~2 Kopek 1955

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 22:06:03 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~2 Kopek 1924

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 22:04:43 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~1 Kopek 1929

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 22:03:27 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

RUSSIAN SOVIET FEDERATED SOCIALIST REPUBLIC~1 Poltinnik 1923 Proof

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 21:58:44 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Facsimile Proof: Replica of proposed design of the 1923 Poltinnik for the Russian S.F.S.R..

2 comments

RUSSIAN-AMERICAN COMPANY~500 Ruble 2013

Zantetsuken — Tue, 12 Jul 2016 21:54:36 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Proof: Aleutian Settlement-Alaska 1741

KHWAREZM SOVIET PEOPLES REPUBLIC~20 Ruble (Type 2) 1339 AH/1921 AD

Zantetsuken — Fri, 13 Nov 2015 21:08:41 -0500

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Type 2: Sickle, spade and cotton sprig overlapped *RARE*

2 comments

KHIVA/KHWAREZM (KHANATE)~Tenga 1275 AH/1857 AD

Zantetsuken — Sat, 28 Mar 2015 21:46:58 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: *VERY RARE*

BUKHARA (EMIRATE)~20 Tenge 1337 AH/1919 AD

Zantetsuken — Sat, 28 Mar 2015 18:03:45 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: *RARE*

KHWAREZM SOVIET PEOPLES REPUBLIC~25 Ruble (Type 2) 1339AH/1921 AD

Zantetsuken — Sat, 03 May 2014 02:22:58 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Type 2: 'P' retrograded. *EXTREMELY RARE*

ARMAVIR (MUNICIPAL)~1 Ruble 1918

Zantetsuken — Sat, 03 May 2014 02:20:46 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: *VERY RARE*

SIBERIA (REGIONAL)~1 Kopek 1776

Zantetsuken — Sun, 02 Mar 2014 00:14:58 -0500

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Mint: Kolyvan

USSR 20m Kopeks 1936

Moneta — Sun, 24 Feb 2013 15:23:37 -0500

by: Moneta

Description: Varieties exist and these are described in Russian publications. This is a two year issue with similar designs before and after. Photos in KM do not distinguish the varieties. Hard to find in high grades.

USSR 10 Kopeks 1940

Moneta — Sun, 24 Feb 2013 15:18:35 -0500

by: Moneta

Description: These are not that common in higher grades. Varieties exist and these a probably described in Russian publications. Issues before and after this 1937 - 46 type look very similar.

Russia - French Space Flight

Moneta — Sun, 16 Dec 2012 16:20:20 -0500

by: Moneta

Description: Part of my 'Space' series - 40 K were struck, only in proof. They look like they're having a great time on the EVA.

USSR Gold Trade Chervonetz

Moneta — Sun, 04 Nov 2012 18:27:49 -0500

by: Moneta

Description: This is an example of the restrike 10 Rouble Chervonetz types - this from 1977. In 1923 the Soviet authorities resurrected the old Slavic name for Ducat, Chervonetz, for their 10 Ruble coin. It still retains the original design of the 1923 [see the Moneta Museum for an example] under the RSFSR. While listed in catalogs as "Bullion value +", you actually don't see a lot of these for sale.

USSR - Engels

Moneta — Sun, 05 Aug 2012 16:59:45 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: 165th Anniversary of the birth of Friedrich Engels of the famous duo Marx and Engels. Engels actually is responsible for the "Communist Manifesto" but Marx gained fame for being more active rather than just economically philosophical.

RUSSIAN FEDERATION~3 Ruble (Kamchatka) 2003

Zantetsuken — Sat, 05 May 2012 05:24:17 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Silver Proof: 1st Kamchata Expedition

RUSSIAN EMPIRE~15 Kopek 1917

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 23:08:18 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Under Tsar: Nikolai Romanov II. Last imperial issue. Mint: Petrograd

RUSSIA (YAROSLAVL UPRISING)~AR Kopek c. 1613

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 23:05:27 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Issued during the 'Yaroslavl Uprising', bring and end to the 'Time of Troubles, and the rise of the Romanov dynasty. Mint: Moscow

RUSSIA (MOSCOW)~AR Kopek 1605-1606

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 23:02:08 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Issued during the 'Time of Troubles'. Under Tsar: Dmitri (False)

RUSSIAN SOVIET FEDERATED SOCIALIST REPUBLIC~1 Ruble 1921

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 22:57:21 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

RUSSIAN SOVIET FEDERATED SOCIALIST REPUBLIC~1 Chervonets 1976

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 22:54:20 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Gold coinage reusing the original design from 1923. Issued during the administration of Leonid Brezhnev.

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~1/2 Kopek 1928

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 22:50:14 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Last issue date.

SIBERIA (REGIONAL)~Denga 1768

Zantetsuken — Fri, 04 May 2012 22:45:35 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Mint: Kolyvan

1 Kopeck - RSFSR

Moneta — Sat, 06 Aug 2011 21:18:06 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: R.S.F.S.R. ( Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic - 1921 to 1923) OK, as part of my study of the origins and use of the Hammer & Sickle symbol I included three examples of paper money here in the Moneta Museum. A comprehensive web site on Russian bank notes list this type as issued in 1919, the earliest Soviet type Hammer & Sickle money I have found so far.

2 Kopeck - RSFSR

Moneta — Sat, 06 Aug 2011 21:15:55 -0400

3 Kopecks - 1919

Moneta — Sat, 06 Aug 2011 21:08:27 -0400

RUSSIA (GRAND DUCHY OF MOSCOW)~AR Denga 1425-1462 AD

Zantetsuken — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 09:38:17 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Issued under Grand Duke: Vasily Rurik II~The Blind. *RARE*

RUSSIA (MOZHAISK)~AR Denga 1389-1432 AD

Zantetsuken — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 09:34:08 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Vassal of the 'Grand Duchy of Moscow' from 1389-1493 AD. Issued under Duke/Prince: Andrei Dmitrievich. *RARE*

1 comment

KHWAREZM SOVIET PEOPLES REPUBLIC~100 Ruble 1339 AH/1921 AD

Zantetsuken — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 09:19:26 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

KHIVA (KHANATE)~5 Tenge 1337 AH/1919 AD

Zantetsuken — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 09:16:29 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Date on top

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS~1 Ruble 1924

Zantetsuken — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 09:07:58 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: First Ruble coin issued for the U.S.S.R. and the last until 1964.

SIBERIA (REGIONAL)~2 Kopek 1780

Zantetsuken — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:59:33 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Last issue date for this denomination. Mint: Kolyvan

SIBERIA (REGIONAL)~Polushka 1774

Zantetsuken — Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:47:06 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

SIBERIA (REGIONAL)~10 Kopek 1781

Zantetsuken — Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:41:15 -0400

by: Zantetsuken

Description: Last issue date.

1 comment

Khiva - Khwarezm Soviet People's Republic

Moneta — Fri, 04 Jun 2010 17:50:41 -0400

by: Moneta

Description: Depending on which volume of KM you use you may or may not find it listed and then its attribution changes. The latest I have lists it under 'Central Asia, Khiva, Khorezm People's Soviet Republic.' Also known as Khwarezm it can also be listed under Uzbekistan. This entity existed between AH 1338-1343 (1920 - 1924 AD). I purchased it as part of my study concerning the origin & evolution of the Hammer & Sickle (see Chile). This appears to be the earliest dated use of this powerful symbol with a relationship to the Communist Soviet movement. This is a crude hammered coin and the planchet appears to be cast. Like most coins made by this method, some filing was involved mostly on the edges. This denomination is 100 Rubles, other denominations are 20, 25 & 500 rubles, all of base metals, either bronze, or brass. The Soviet Republic was founded by local authorities upon dissolution of the khanate. Coins were coarsely struck with primitive machinery using hand-engraved dies. All inscriptions are in Uzbek Turkish in the Arabic script and Russian. Lettering: ١٣٣٩ يوز منات ضرب فلوس خوارزم شورالار قرارى الان Translation: 1339 100 "manat” “zarb fulus Khwarezm shuralar qarari ilan” KHOREZM (Soviet People's Republic) 1920-1925 In 1917, the Russian Revolution ended the Russian protectorate over the Khanate of Kiva, which regained its independence. In 1918, the last Khan of Khniva, Sayid Abdullah dies and the Turkmen leader Djounaïd Khan succeeded him. Févreier in 1920, it is deposited by Bolshevik troops. The Soviet People's Republic of Khorezm is declared within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It will be shared by the dissolved and subsequently between the Uzbek SSR, the Turkmen SSR and the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Oblast.

2 comments